a) Extrusion Compounding
This is the most widely used process for producing plastic compounds. In extrusion compounding, polymer pellets
are fed into an extruder, where they are melted and mixed with additives under high pressure. The molten polymer is
then forced through a die to form a continuous shape, which is cooled and cut into pellets. These pellets are ready
for further processing, such as injection molding or film production.
Key Steps in Extrusion:

• Feeding: Raw materials are introduced into the extruder.
• Melting and Mixing: Heat is applied to melt the polymer, and the additives are mixed in at a controlled
  temperature.
• Extrusion: The material is shaped and cooled.
• Cutting: The extruded material is cut into pellets.
  b) Banbury Mixing
  Banbury mixing is a high-shear, intensive mixing process used primarily for producing high-performance
  compounds. In this process, the polymer and additives are mixed in a Banbury mixer or similar equipment under
  high temperature and pressure. This method ensures a uniform distribution of additives and is suitable for producing
  compounds that need specific mechanical properties or stability
• Key Features of Banbury Mixing:
• High Shear: The high shear force ensures thorough blending of materials.
• Customization: This method is ideal for producing complex compounds with precise control over the
  material properties.
• Used for high-performance applications: Ideal for automotive, medical, and industrial uses.
  c) Injection Molding Compounding
  After compounding, the material can be processed through injection molding to produce specific parts. The plastic
  compound is heated and injected into a mold cavity under high pressure. This process is ideal for creating detailed
  and complex shapes in large quantities.
  d) Two-Roll Mill Mixing
  For certain applications, such as producing rubber compounds, a two-roll mill is used to mix polymers with
  additives. This method involves passing the material through two heated rollers, where it is kneaded and mixed. It is
  especially common in industries where precise control of consistency is needed, like rubber manufacturing.